Expected earnings and expected returns to education are seen by labor economists as a major determinant of educational … final section of the paper, we contrast expected returns to education with actual returns estimated from country …-specific micro-data. In line with U.S. studies we find that students overestimate returns to education. …

-- human capital ; returns to education ; gender inequality …

in the educational debate. These issues were the focus of a major education reform in Sweden which was implemented in the … for higher ability individuals from poorer backgrounds. In addition we estimate the returns to education for those … distinguish its direct effect on earnings from the effect it had by increasing the quantity of education. We find that the main …