migrants and returnees. We construct measures of selection across skill groups and estimate the average and the skill …-specific premium for migration and return for three typical destinations of Romanian migrants after 1990. Once we account for migration … costs, we find evidence that the selection and sorting of migrants by skills is driven by different returns in countries of …

skill composition of migrants while in a restricted mobility regime, the impact will be the opposite, as voters will prefer … selective migration policies, favoring skilled migrants who tend to be net contributors to the fiscal system. We utilize the …