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Many researchers have focused on the success of shopping centres in developed countries, but few studies have been done for developing countries. Using Beijing as a case study, this paper analyzes consumer shopping patterns at shopping centres. The data is collected by surveys of shoppers at...

We study a three-player cooperative game with transferable utility where the players may form different coalition structures. A new concept of stability of a coalition is introduced, and the existence of a stable coalition is proven. Based on this stability concept, a novel approach is given to...