This paper analyzes whether a dividend tax cut for owner-managers of closely held corporations encourages income …, and self-employed. We find robust evidence of extensive income shifting across tax bases in response to the 2006 dividend … total income. Instead, they relabel earned income as dividend income. The income shifting effect is stronger for owner …

, higher dividend payout, lower foreign income, and higher closely held ownership. Further analysis provides evidence …

We study the effect of reforms that close loopholes in the enforcement of the dividend-withholding tax (DWT). We focus … quantity of stocks on loan. Before the reform all Nordic countries have a strong spike in stocks on loan centered around the ex-dividend … portfolio investment or dividend policy. We also consider DWT arbitrage among 15 European countries between 2010-2019. We find …

This paper analyzes whether a dividend tax cut for owner-managers of closely held corporations encourages income … dividend tax cut. Relative to owners of unincorporated businesses, owner-managers of closely held corporations do not increase … total income. Instead, they relabel earned income as dividend income. The income shifting effect is stronger for owner …