the bottom of the income distribution, namely through consumption, household production, and market-based labor activities …

household utility and benefits of eliminating idiosyncratic shocks related to the business cycle as 3.4% of utility. Estimates … the business cycle, estimate the negative skewness of shocks, target moments of idiosyncratic shocks from household … insuring idiosyncratic shocks unrelated to the business cycle, such as the death of a household's prime wage earner and job …

households to mitigate the negative effects of shocks. The paper uses the 2009 National Baseline Household Survey (NBHS) and the … 2014-15 National Household Budget and Poverty Survey (NHBPS) to document the main types of shocks that Sudanese households … the impact of shocks on household welfare. Since the impact of shocks on household welfare is likely to be …