Currently, about 46 national jurisdictions and 35 cities, states, and regions, representing almost a quarter of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, are putting a price on carbon as a central component of their efforts to reduce emissions and place their growth trajectory on a more sustainable...

As the world moves on from the climate agreement negotiated in Paris, attention is turning from the identification of emissions reduction trajectories—in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)—to crucial questions about how these emissions reductions are to be delivered and...

Emissions trading continues to expand as a flexible policy response to climate change. Its implementation raises complex governance challenges, however, and calls for robust institutional, regulatory and procedural frameworks. Unlike aspects of technical design and implementation, the governance...

The Paris Agreement, with its universal requirement on all countries to submit nationally determined contributions (NDCs), marks a significant change for the framework of international cooperation through carbon markets. With all countries committing themselves to climate action to reduce...

Costa Rica ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994 and has since developed and implemented national climate policies in accordance with its principles, primarily through the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE) and its institutional structures....

Mexico has made great strides recently in its fight against climate change. The enactment of the Climate Change Law in 2012 and its reform in 2018 led to the creation of a series of administrative and policy instruments to guide domestic action on climate mitigation and adaptation. The...

Many countries and subnational jurisdictions are considering putting a price on carbon to help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and achieve their climate commitments. There are currently 64 carbon pricing instruments (CPIs) in place or in the process of implementation, with 10 launched in...

This guide to developing domestic carbon crediting mechanisms is intended to assist national and subnational policymakers considering whether and how to establish a carbon crediting mechanism in their jurisdiction. The guide provides insights into the decision points for designing a crediting...

Carbon pricing is an important instrument in addressing climate change. However, a well-functioning carbon pricing instrument needs a robust framework to quantify GHG emissions (including removals) underpinned by high quality data. This data can help policy makers set the level of a carbon tax...

Carbon pricing instruments (CPIs) involve large legal and financial interests. Trust in the accuracy and integrity of the reported data is therefore a prerequisite for a well-functioning instrument. To ensure accuracy and integrity of data, a robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV)...