The origin of crony capitalism: how institutional changes incentivize corruption -- The soil of crony capitalism: where … spawned a form of rapacious crony capitalism characterized by endemic corruption, an incipient kleptocracy, record income … inequality, and high social tensions. This book traces the origin of China's crony capitalism to a set of incomplete reforms of …

empowered set of institutions to represent workers, but would also feature spaces for non-elite producers--such as farmers and … developing countries typified by the centrality of patronage--discretionarily allocated state benefits. Rather than serving as …-term economic prospects. When organizations become diverted into patronage politics, the economic demands of the masses go unheard …