In this paper, indexes are proposed in order to capture the degree to which a pension scheme prevents poverty among the elderly, enables smoothing of living standards after retirement and induces both intra- and inter-generational solidarity

Apart from family, the integration of second-generation immigrant children begins at school, where age is known to affect the performance through different channels. We study whether the immigrant background interacts with absolute and relative age effects, generating additional barriers (...

Pension entitlements are influenced by individual career paths and labor market conditions, which often result in gender-based disparities. Women face several challenges during their working lives, such as late entry into the labor market, the gender pay gap, discontinuous working careers, and...

It is known that existing measures of intra-generational (within cohorts) redistribution induced by pension schemes may prove highly misleading in the presence of inter-generational (between cohorts) redistribution. In this paper we show that the Kakwani progressivity index, extended to account...