Using a new, global data base covering the years 1950 to 2015, we study the impact of sanctions on international trade … literature. Starting with a broad evaluation by sanction type, we carefully investigate the case of Iran. Effects are significant … perform a counterfactual analysis which translates our partial equilibrium sanction estimates into heterogeneous but intuitive …

Using a new, global data base covering the years 1950 to 2015, we study the impact of sanctions on international trade … literature. Starting with a broad evaluation by sanction type, we carefully investigate the case of Iran. Effects are significant … perform a counterfactual analysis which translates our partial equilibrium sanction estimates into heterogeneous but intuitive …

Capitalizing on the latest developments in the gravity literature, we utilize two new datasets on sanctions and trade … to study the impact of economic sanctions on international trade in the mining sector, which includes oil and natural gas …. We demonstrate that the gravity equation is well suited to model bilateral trade in mining and find that sanctions have …

Environmental degradation is one of the potentially unforeseen consequences of sanctions, yet few studies have … investigated how sanctions affect the environment. For instance, by restricting the acquisition of more efficient technologies …, sanctions can strain natural resources and erode environmental performance. Therefore, this study investigates the moderating …