This document is intended as a guide for international developers and solar investors who are considering investing in Pakistan. The document is laid out as follows: Sections 1 to 3 give an overview of Pakistan and its electricity market, the solar potential and progress in the solar market to...

Control power (regulating power, balancing power) is used to quickly restore the supply-demand balance in power systems. Variable renewable energy sources (VRE) such as wind and solar power are often thought to increase the reserve requirement significantly. This paper provides a comprehensive...

This paper estimates the welfare-optimal market share of wind and solar power, explicitly taking into account their output variability. We present a theoretical valuation framework that consistently accounts for output variability over time, forecast errors, and the location of generators in the...