This paper analyzes theoretically and empirically how upstream markets are affected by deregulation downstream …. Deregulation tends to increase the level of uncertainty in the upstream market. Our theoretical analysis predicts that deregulated … investigate the impact this change in procurement contracts has on efficiency. Focusing on coal mines, we find that those selling …

markets. Deregulation has been accompanied by substantial market consolidation and today the three largest companies control … more than one-third of all U.S. nuclear capacity. We find that deregulation and consolidation are associated with a 10 … percent increase in operating efficiency, achieved primarily by reducing the frequency and duration of reactor outages. At …

markets. Deregulation has been accompanied by substantial market consolidation and today the three largest companies control … more than one-third of all U.S. nuclear capacity. We find that deregulation and consolidation are associated with a 10 … percent increase in operating efficiency, achieved primarily by reducing the frequency and duration of reactor outages. At …