optimal policy balance in the context of catastrophic climate risk. The analysis uses the WITCH integrated assessment model … with a module that models the endogenous risk of experiencing an economic catastrophe if temperature increases above a … certain threshold. We find that the risk of a catastrophic outcome would encourage countries to reduce emissions even in the …

Under the influence of climate-related extremes, the world is exposed to more and more catastrophe risks. Regulation by … insurance may help realize the goal of mitigating catastrophe risk and the following losses. I explore five regulatory tools … — risk-based pricing, contract design, loss prevention services, claim management, and refusal to insure — used by …

portfolios that help mitigating climate change risk but at the same time enable harvesting well-established return drivers such …

, which are disproportionately affected by climate change, raises significant concerns. This study shows that sovereign risk …. Countries with elevated risk levels are disproportionately vulnerable to climate change compared to their lower-risk … vulnerability to climate change, in terms of sovereign risk, particularly for countries with low spreads and long-term debt …

financial markets. The climate related risk is divided into three subcategories, the environmental uncertainty, the economic … climate risk and the climate policy risk, which all of them may affect the markets directly or indirectly. The perspective is … market valuation of the climate risk. …