Background: This study examines the access to credit, credit investment, and credit fungibility for small-holder farmers and medium- and large-scale farmers in the agricultural sector of the Shikarpur District of Sindh, Pakistan. Methods: A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data...

Credit is highly demanded in different parts of the world, mainly for capital requirement to improve land, purchase of main agricultural inputs including fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, and purchase of farm machinery. The purpose of this study was to examine the farmers’ access to credit: does...

This study examined the impact of credit received on rural household clean cooking energy consumption. The study pays more attention to clean energies, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and kerosene. Due to the endogenous issue of credit, we employed an instrumental variable approach...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of short-term loan (STL) vs long-term loan (LTL) on wheat productivity of small farms in Sindh, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: The econometric estimation is based on cross-sectional data collected in 2016 from 18 villages in...