that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …

that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …

Increasing evidence indicates that a large share of granted patents are ''undeserved'' because they do not meet the …, introduced the post-grant validity challenge at the United States Patents and Trademarks Office (USPTO). This procedure allows … any third party to question granted patents, possibly leading to patent revocation or scope reduction. This paper aims to …

We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires … patents on low-value original innovations, invalidation predominantly increases low-value followon innovation outside the … contrast, for patents on high-value original innovations, invalidation mainly increases high-value follow-on innovation in the …

We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires … patents on low-value original innovations, invalidation predominantly increases low-value followon innovation outside the … contrast, for patents on high-value original innovations, invalidation mainly increases high-value follow-on innovation in the …

instruments. Moreover, the effect is entirely driven by invalidation of patents owned by large patentees that triggers entry of … small innovators, suggesting that patents may impede the ‘democratization’ of innovation. …

invention (through patents) and the clinical trials data submitted for market approval (through data exclusivity). Patent …

invention (through patents) and the clinical trials data submitted for market approval (through data exclusivity). Patent …

is a general positive effect, subsequent innovation show a low degree of novelty and are close to the litigated patents …