Organization (WTO) member has retreated into widespread trade restrictions or protectionism to date. Our model-based simulations …In this paper we take a systematic look at recent trends in global protectionism and at the potential implications of a … that there has so far been a moderate increase in actual protectionist measures to restrict trade through tariff and non …

Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody … substantive provisions on both government procurement and services trade. An important finding is that, from an economic … perspective, general market access commitments with respect to services trade and commitments regarding government procurement of …

-parametric formulas, we measure how trade modifies the deadweight loss of markups through two channels: (1) trade-induced change in markup … zero-sum welfare effects similar to implicit tariffs that tilt the terms of trade in favor of countries exporting high … compile new data on global profit ownership. Our findings reveal that trade has greatly reshaped the global incidence of …

-industry manufacturing sector data over three Plan periods. Understanding this link is important as economies liberalize trade and must deal …

1930s. We argue that the culprit behind this Great Depression was the collapse of Finnish trade with the Soviet Union … of Soviet-Finnish trade can explain key features of Finland's Great Depression. We also show that Finland's Great … similar trade collapse. However, as a western democracy with developed capital markets and institutions, Finland faced none of …

negative, but they are also influenced most by the global financial crisis. Finally, we find a significant link between trade …

though trade and financial flows do not really increase correlations of business cycles between China and OECD countries …

synchronization and trade only for business-cycle frequencies. The co-movements at longer frequencies are negatively related to trade …, so that the overall co-movements and trade tend not to be significantly related. …