industries over a period of six centuries (from ca. 1100 to ca. 1730). An international trade model combining transaction costs … costs in international trade. For much of this era, the leading branch was the luxury-oriented woollens industry (Old … were the direct and indirect result of a spreading stain of international warfare, especially injurious to overland trade …

because it is imported. Parallel trade (i.e., imports and exports) in pharmaceuticals takes place in markets that are … concerning parallel trade in pharmaceutical products. It is conducted in what typically are heavily regulated markets, and this … controls distorting ordinary international trade mechanisms, if for no other reason than that pricing practices have shown no …

from those on final consumer goods. To this end, the paper develops a three-country model with rigorous trade theory micro … the trade balance depending on whether they are imposed on intermediate or final goods. The paper also identifies the … mechanisms behind these effects. Simulations of the actual tariff increases during the trade dispute in 2018–19 show that the …

undermined the profitability of long-distance trade in cheaper textiles. That, in turn forced most textile manufacturers … dependent on long-distance trade, and especially those who had operated as price-takers, to re-orient their export … transportation, transactions costs fell, and fell enough to make long-distance trade in cheaper textiles once more profitable; and …

undermined the profitability of long-distance trade in cheaper textiles. That, in turn forced most textile manufacturers … dependent on long-distance trade, and especially those who had operated as price-takers, to re-orient their export … transportation, transactions costs fell, and fell enough to make long-distance trade in cheaper textiles once more profitable; and …

-Great Recession tariff-setting behavior of developing countries on products not subject to temporary trade barriers and does not …

This note discusses capital controls using insights from the trade policy literature. It highlights some key issues … many goods and services are. As a result, much of the analysis pertaining to trade and trade policy in goods and services … applies with equal force to capital movements. Free trade is typically the best trade policy, no matter whether it is trade in …

Can oil discovery shocks affect the demand for protectionism? An intertemporal model of Dutch disease indicates that if … the tradable sector is politically dominant then an oil discovery can induce protectionism. If the economy is also credit …