of the freeness-of-trade variable is ambiguous. Because the latter is an indicator for integration in the world markets …, we conclude that more integration may neutralize the negative interregional distribution effects of trade …We study the effect of international trade and freeness of trade (openness) on interregional inequality within …

The primary objective of the research is to investigate the influence of international integration processes on … national welfare. Peculiarities of trade and economic liberalization of trade through mechanism of regional trade agreements … (RTA) forming have been scrutinized. Integration, which develops due to RTAs, is the most important mechanism of the …

Domestic trade costs imply more restricted access to consumption goods in small and remote cities. By eliminating the … fixed costs of firm entry and reducing the effects of distance on trade costs, e-commerce can disproportionately improve … domestic trade and welfare. We find that although the emergence of e-commerce partially crowds out inter-city trade originally …

"Building on Eaton and Kortum's (2002) model of Ricardian trade, Alvarez and Lucas (2005) calculate that a small … country representing 1% of the world's GDP experiences a gain of 41% as it goes from autarky to frictionless trade with the … rest of the world. But the gains from openness, which includes not only trade but all the other ways through which …