, escalated it in the short run. In contrast, urbanization caused a significant increase in environmental damage in the long run …

pollution through urbanisation and energy consumption channel in 33 African nations between 1996 and 2020. Our study considers … environmental pollution, (ii) energy consumption accelerates environmental degradation, (iii) regulatory quality can partially … mediate pollution in Africa via urbanisation and energy consumption channels, and (iv) The interaction of regulatory quality …