Low-income developing countries (LIDCs) are greatly affected by the coronavirus pandemic, and sovereign debt has become a major concern. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) already classified 44% of LIDCs as being in debt distress or at risk of it before the Covid-19 crisis began. One major...

This paper assesses the dynamics of developing and emerging countries external debt and financial vulnerability. It is argued that, although current account positions do have a role in accumulating external liabilities, developing countries' vulnerability primarily lie in their increasing...

This paper assesses the Aid policy of the European Union. It highlights how this EU Aid provision has been intertwined with the process of fictionalization in two main ways. Firstly, a non-negligible proportion of Aid flows are linked to the promotion of private sector, for-profit activities,...

The name of Margaret Garritsen de Vries may not be the first that pops into people’s mind when thinking about the International Monetary Fund. It is through her work, as long-standing official Fund Historian, that those interested in the Fund history will travel through. An operational...