that treated store managers spend more time on HR and less on customer service. Our findings show that middle managers are …In an RCT, a large retail chain's CEO sets new goals for the managers of the treated stores by asking them 'to do what …

shorter period. Treated managers report shifting their time toward HR; their employees report more managerial attention and … on HR are neutralized by the effects of managers spending less time on customers and goods. The discernible efficiency …In a field experiment, a large retail chain's CEO asked managers of treated stores “to do what they can” to reduce …

, faster new product introductions, and more novel new product introductions. For new product managers, these results carry …

across organizations. A remaining question, however, is whether it is managers themselves or firm-wide management practices … this setting, managers move between stores but management practices are set by firm policy and largely fixed, allowing us … to hone in on managers' personal roles in determining store performance. We find: (i) managers affect and explain a large …

We critically review the emerging literature in Organizational and Personnel Economics concerning the role of managers … and management practices. Our focus is on the middle managers who populate the hierarchies between top executives and …