, which followed the pre-existing patterns of Eastern German immigration immediately after WWII. We construct a Manpower …, European, and Asian firms. Our results help inform relevant debates such as the reform of immigration policies and the … investment in public and private education for low-skilled workers. …

highlights a need for complementary immigration and integration policies. …

. As a further contribution, we study the interaction between the optimal immigration policy of the host country and …

factors such as reinforced education of workers, productive investment of remittances, return migration and increased …

utilized an alternative to investing in the existing human capital stock of these firms. After the immigration policy shock of …&D investment proactively and contemporaneously. Firm-level innovation outcome, measured by patents and citations, declined for … shock. An increase in SG&A suggests a plausible increase in investment in the human capital of existing employees. Our …

defined as corporate investment policy, specifically, how firms acquire, assess, and retain human capital. We use patents …'s investment policy determines 1) how a firm allocates resources to obtain human capital from the domestic and international labor … market or to develop the human capital of existing employees and 2) how it adjusts capital investment in innovation to match …