classical universities are associated with higher earnings and more prestigious jobs than initial vocational training degrees …, and with higher prestige (but similar earnings) than further vocational degrees. However, bachelor’s degrees from … universities are also related to higher risks of unemployment or fixed-term employment. Universities of applied sciences, which …

This paper investigates relative earnings of individuals leaving tertiary education without a degree across 18 European … better employment chances than other upper secondary graduates while they have a significantly lower employment probability … dropouts are less penalised in terms of earnings in countries with a lower share of tertiary graduates and with more flexible …

-term disadvantages in terms of employment, wages or both. Using two UK cohort studies, that allow us to follow individuals for at least … 16 years in the labour market, we investigate whether this view has empirical support. For employment, our results … tend to have higher expected long-term earnings. …

-term disadvantages in terms of employment, wages or both. Using two UK cohort studies, that allow us to follow individuals for at least … 16 years in the labour market, we investigate whether this view has empirical support.For employment, our results … tend to have higher expected long-term earnings …