Despite various payment innovations, today, cash is still heavily used to pay for low-value purchases. This paper proposes a simulation model based on two optimal cash management and payment policies in the payments economics literature to explain cash usage. First, cash is preferred to other...

Several methods for assessing the substitution of electronic money for fiat money have been proposed in the last few years. After a critical review of the various models, we propose a new substitution model which we apply to the euro area. By way of several numeric simulations, we show that the...

The objective is to test, from micro-level data, the complete general framework of the transaction demand for money agrave; la Baumol established fifty years ago. The results confirm the relevancy of the Baumol's square root law while pointing out for the first time the impact of the subjective...

In this paper, we generalize the power-of-2 and the power-of-3 monetary denomination systems (MDS) widely studied in the literature by considering the class of the power-of-amp;#945; MDSs for all real amp;#945; strictly between 1 and infinity. We show that for theoretical distributions of prices as...

In this note, we study, test and discuss two original classes of payment aggregation rules based on transaction size models in order to replicate the demand for cash and deposits in the economy. First, we show that some of the aggregation rules call for special consideration since they better...

The objective of this paper is to explain the use of cash, payment cards and checks in the economy. In so doing, we propose three models of payment decision and we test how well each of these models replicates the observed aggregate payments decisions. We show that the model based on cash...

In a recent contribution, Bounie et al. (2007a) proposed a simple alternative payment decision rule based on a cash holding model (CH model) that showed more efficiency at replicating the observed data than standard transaction size based models (TS models) agrave; la Whitesell (1989). In this...

Payment choice models based on transaction sizes (TS models) induce strong predictions about the use of payment instruments. Especially, all equal-sized transactions should be paid with the same payment instrument. Then, for each individual, one should observe strict domains of transaction for...

Exploiting a unique and original dataset of 11,945 payments made from March to May 2005, the paper estimates the determinants of the probability of a transaction being paid by cash, check or bank card at the point of sale. Controlling for individual characteristics, the main results of the paper...

A significant number of online ads served by publishers are actually never seen by Internet users. This results in ineffective branding campaigns and a considerable waste of money for advertisers. In reaction, more and more advertisers use technologies to measure the viewability of advertising...