Why did monetary authorities hold large gold reserves under Bretton Woods (1944-1971) when only the US had to? We argue … that gold holdings were driven by institutional memory and persistent habits of central bankers. Countries continued to … back currency in circulation with gold reserves, following rules of the pre-WWII gold standard. The longer an institution …

money for gold or any other good. Central banks have the monopoly to issue central bank money and have the power to create … traces the painful farewell from gold from the Classical Gold Standard in the early 19th century up to the end of the Bretton …

our problem allowing us to ask how old forms of money such as Gold and Silver hold up in today's world regarding their …. We analyse price dynamics from 1980 to 2020 for gold and silver resorting to annual data. Regarding bitcoin we employ …