Corporate and securities laws are seen to mitigate corporate fraud by 'manipulating the incentives of agents …': presenting corporate agents with a probability of being caught and punished if they commit fraud. This article suggests that the … same laws also affect corporate fraud in a significant but unappreciated manner, by 'manipulating the perceptions of the …

and indicate the use of fraud risk factors (red flags) in their efforts to detect fraudulent financial statements and … misappropriation of assets. Further, this study attempts to explain the effect of auditors' estimation of fraud prevalence in the … business environment on their assessment of fraud risk and their subsequent use of fraud risk factors. Empirical data were …