to be a reflection of an effort to conform to evolving norms of judicial stringency, measured by peers' harshness in …Although there exists a large literature analyzing whether an individual's peers have an impact on that individual …'s own behavior and subsequent outcomes, there is paucity of research on whether peers influence a person's decisions and …

vary in the average leniency of their prosecution decisions. We find that, for the marginal defendant, nonprosecution of a … likelihood of future criminal justice involvement fell, with no apparent increase in local crime rates. …

of origin with the Sept. 11, 2001 attackers. These effects do not differ across judge political affiliation. Our findings …

during the week after this birthday. We do not, however, find that harsher punishment reduces the crime rate permanently. …" in the sense that more crimes were committed during the week prior to a 21st birthday, followed by a reduction in crime …

This paper proposes a test of racial bias in capital sentencing based upon patterns of judicial errors in lower courts …. We model the behavior of the trial court as minimizing a weighted sum of the probability of sentencing an innocent and … errors is a function of defendant and/or victim race. The key prediction of the model is that if the court is unbiased, ex …

the most common crimes related to organized crime in Rio de Janeiro. The results indicate that the increase in punishment … per age, based on a quasi-experiment generated by differences in punishment severity for these crimes prescribed by the … through a Regression Discontinuity Design. Instead of using recidivism data and/or grouping crimes with distinct punishment …

The trade-off between the immediate returns from committing a crime and the future costs of punishment depends on an … heterogeneity based on age, education, crime type, and nationality. Our estimates imply that the majority of deterrence is derived …

The trade-off between the immediate returns from committing a crime and the future costs of punishment depends on an … heterogeneity based on age, education, crime type, and nationality. Our estimates imply that the majority of deterrence is derived …