An efficient regulatory framework is a pre-requisite for developing a services market that supports competitiveness and offers opportunities for export diversification. Creating such a framework requires a comprehensive understanding of the laws, regulations, and practices affecting trade and...

The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) initiative aims to establish a single market for retail payments in euro, for which major progress has been made. Understanding the effects of financial innovation and new payment media on the demand for money is very important in this context. The aim of...

The paper presents a theory of the demand for money that combines a special case of the shopping time exchange economy with the cash-in-advance framework. The model predicts that both higher inflation and financial innovation - that reduces the cost of credit - induce agents to substitute away...

1. Introduction -- 2. An introduction to cryptography: Unlocking the future of money -- 3. An introduction to technology architectures: Shaping the future of payments -- 4. Understanding privacy -- 5. Understanding money -- 6. A deep dive into payments -- 7. Understanding central banks -- 8....

This study investigates whether and how financial technologies (FinTech) influence the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission. We use an interacted panel vector autoregression model to explore how the effects of monetary policy shocks change with regional-level FinTech adoption. Results...

This paper studies monetary policy transmission through BigTech and traditional banks. By comparing business loans made by a BigTech bank with those made by traditional banks, it finds that BigTech credit amplifies monetary policy transmission mainly through the extensive margin. Specifically,...