, I provide evidence that export restrictions on industrial raw materials upstream help promote manufacturing exports …This paper shows both theoretically and empirically how raw material rich countries use export restrictions upstream to … give manufacturing sectors downstream a competitive advantage. For young and relatively small industries this can be seen …

, manufacturing in CEE countries does not serve a 'carrier function' for services to contribute to a country's export performance. … exports in gross terms for seven CEE economies, based on 13 manufacturing subsectors and for the period 1995-2011. The results … labour productivity and highly skilled employees on generating domestic value added in the manufacturing sector. CEE …