We investigate the effects of "lecture-based" (LBT) – i.e. individual work and rote learning - versus "discussion-based" (DBT) - i.e. participative and focused on student-centred learning - teaching styles on the test scores and socio-economic inequality of middle-school students randomly...

Explicit and implicit incentives and opportunities for mutually beneficial voluntary cooperation co-exist in many contractual relationships. In a series of eight laboratory gift-exchange experiments, we show that incentive contracts can lead to crowding out of voluntary cooperation even after...