collective wage bargaining and the components of firms' training costs. Thus we can adapt their model to institutional changes … net training costs. Therefore, more decentralized wage bargaining does not result in a reduction of firms' supply of …

existing skill proxies. We exploit that skill requirements of apprenticeships in Germany are codified in state …

existing skill proxies. We exploit that skill requirements of apprenticeships in Germany are codified in state …

male and female workers in West Germany. The analysis distinguishes different types of career absence: unemployment … all types of work absence, except for compulsory service for men. Compulsory service has a positive short-term wage effect …. Unemployment decreases wages in the short term only, and for women more strongly than for men. Maternity leave leads to substantial …