In 2022, the European Central Bank (ECB) introduced the Transmission ProtectionInstrument (TPI) to counter the risk of financial fragmentation following the normalisation ofmonetary policy. The ECB has specified conditions under which the TPI can be activated.This paper examines these conditions...

We introduce endogenous labour supply decisions with an extensive and intensive margin in a spatial computational general equilibrium model. We show that endogenising labour supply generates an additional economic loss from a negative economic shock compared to a model with fixed labour supply....

This paper investigates strategies of European microfinance institutions (MFIs) and inclusive FinTech organisations to address financial and digital illiteracy among vulnerable customers. It reveals that both MFIs and FinTech organisations focus on personalised financial education, training and...

Die neue Agrarkrisenreserve der EU, die 2023 eingeführt wurde, soll den Agrarsektor in Krisenunterstützen. Anders als zuvor wird diese Reserve direkt aus dem EU-Haushalt finanziert,damit die Direktzahlungen an die Landwirte nicht gekürzt werden müssen. Diese Änderunghat jedoch einen Anreiz...

The EU Directive on Corporate Sustainable Due Diligence has sparked fierce debate about the regulation of supply chains. The directive's objectives are aligned with European values. However, it raises concerns that the compliance costs of social and environmental regulations may be privatised in...