This paper explores racial differences in police use of force. On non-lethal uses of force, blacks and Hispanics are … more than fifty percent more likely to experience some form of force in interactions with police. Adding controls that … factors are taken into account. We argue that the patterns in the data are consistent with a model in which police officers …

Police use of force – particularly lethal force – is one of the most divisive issues of the twenty-first century. To … understand the nexus of race, criminal justice, and police brutality, academics and journalists have begun to amass impressive …