The increasing efforts and costs required to achieve survey response have led to a stronger focus on survey data collection monitoring by means of paradata and to the rise of adaptive and responsive survey designs. Indicators that support data collection monitoring, targeting and prioritizing in...

Nonresponse is a major source of estimation error in sample surveys. The response rate is widely used to measure the quality of a sample survey associated with nonresponse. It is, however, inadequate as an indicator because of its limited relation with nonresponse bias. Schouten et al. (2009)...