The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of education on personal earnings during the reform of state-owned enterprises, comparing 1995 with 1998 in Hunan, China, using the Mincerian earnings equation method. The results show that the rates of return to education increased,...

Agricultural markets are characterised by thinner margins, greater price and income volatility. Despite these changes, agricultural raw material markets are increasingly characterised by the vertical co-ordination of farmers and processors. The organisational form of a marketing co-operative is...

In the agro-food system, the vertical co-ordination in the form of co-operatives has considerable importance. In this paper, we present a function that synthesises the specific economic role of agricultural co-operatives. In the empirical research, we link the performance of Portuguese Wine...

The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of education on personal earnings during the reform of state‐owned enterprises, comparing 1995 with 1998 in Hunan, China, using the Mincerian earnings equation method. The results show that the rates of return to education increased,...

In the last decades the world has seen some acceleration in the process of internationalization, affecting virtually all industries. The wine sector is no exception, witnessing increased exports and imports and a movement of mergers and acquisitions. Among European wines, Port Wine can be seen...