In the busiest seaports, vessel traffic and vessel pilotage management plays a crucial role in congestion mitigation. The management of vessel traffic and vessel pilotage involves scheduling the vessels for sailing into and out of a seaport and scheduling the pilots for navigating the vessels in...

In the global maritime transportation network, the on-time performance of cargo transportation depends largely on the service capacity and accessibility of seaports. When opportunities for infrastructure expansions are not available, seaport congestion mitigation may require effective scheduling...