Today, most large port hubs include the circular economy transformation challenge, together with smart digitalization … of shippers, to lift themselves out of the linear lock-in. Opportunities are also created, and port authorities and … viable business models, systems innovation, intensified stakeholder collaboration and co-creation, altered traffic segments …

Business Models (CBMs) to create value for port stakeholders and contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals … the different interests and ambitions of port stakeholders that make it difficult to standardize measurements and … generate negative externalities. However, they can also be important drivers of sustainability if they effectively transition …

sustainability. This research paper has two unique properties: first, it uses a stakeholder approach to establish the organic …