. There is also evidence in the literature to suggest that the STOCK Act was able to deter politicians from trading based on … non-public information. However, the question of whether politicians made informed trades at the market level (using non … and find that the STOCK Act adversely affected the ability of politicians’ aggregated stock trades to predict the stock …

We empirically investigate whether the persistence of politicians in political institutions affects the innovation …' innovation activity. However, once the causal effect is isolated by means of instrumental variables, using death of politicians …-term connections with politicians. …

measure connections between politicians and the universe of firms. To identify the causal effect of access to political power …

measure connections between politicians and the universe of firms. To identify the causal effect of access to political power …

-checking company. Our results show that politicians are responsive to negative fact-checking. Specifically, we observe a significative … reduction in the number of incorrect statements made by politicians after being treated. This effect persists for at least two … months. We also observe a reduction in the probability of politicians making verifiable statements, suggesting that fact …