This paper employs a hurdle model approach to ask whether the extent of gender bias in education expenditure within … over time in the way that gender bias is practiced within the household. In 1995, gender bias occurred through a … significantly higher probability of school-enrolment of boys than girls, but by 2017-18, gender bias was practiced via significantly …

This paper asks whether gender bias in education expenditure in rural India fell over the two-decade period from 1995 … to 2014. We find that instead of falling over time, the channel through which gender bias is practiced changed … channels of gender bias, namely bias in the school enrolment decision, and bias in the conditional educational expenditure …

In this paper, we estimate the effect of primary school teachers' gender biases on boys' and girls' academic … teachers' biases favoring boys have an asymmetric effect by gender-- positive effect on boys' achievements and negative effect … on girls'. Such gender biases also impact students' enrollment in advanced level math courses in high school …

In this paper, we estimate the effect of primary school teachers' gender biases on boys' and girls' academic … teachers' biases favoring boys have an asymmetric effect by gender— positive effect on boys' achievements and negative effect … on girls'. Such gender biases also impact students' enrollment in advanced level math courses in high school …

groups; and (iv) a pro-male bias exists in educational spending for all age groups, with some differentiation by location and …