Populist movements increasingly challenge liberal Western market democracies. Populism can be explained only in part by phenomena like globalization and digitization producing winners and losers in economic terms. Growing feelings of alienation from the market-democratic system and the perceived...

Commentators often claim that the original impetus of the special treatment for non-market economy (NME) is to eliminate unfair practices in international trade and to guide transitioning economies into operating under the market principle. In reality, it turns out that NME treatment can also be...