This study analyzes how market barriers and firm capabilities affect multinationals' choice of joint ventures versus wholly-owned subsidiaries abroad. In the study, we compile a vector of variables that distinguish between industry-specific barriers and firm-specific capabilities to analyze...

We adopt a two-stage, contingency approach to analyze the relationship between timing of entry and subsidiary survival. We develop and test hypotheses concerning determinants of the timing of entry, and hypotheses about asset-based competitive advantage moderators of timing of entry's influence...

The theories of internalization and internationalization provide general factors of international market entry but are not precise about its timing. A model of waiting and growth options seizes the importance of flexibility to FDI decisions and centers the impact of uncertainty. The results of a...