Surface passivation is a promising technique to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Upper surface passivation has been widely used to passivate surface traps which are responsible for interfacial recombination loss. The bottom surface (or...

Concentric dual-tubing steam injection is important in the process of thermal recovery for heavy oils. This paper firstly presented a mathematical model to predict thermophysical properties of saturated steam (i.e. steam pressure, temperature and quality) and wellbore heat losses in CDTSIW...