The research aims to examine the difference between absence and presence life cycle stage in technology information digitalization (TID) as a form of open innovation in reducing information asymmetry. Furthermore, companies with asymmetric information prefer debt over equity. The study collects...

A tighter monetary policy is generally associated with higher real interest rates on deposits and loans, weaker performance of equities and real estate, and slower growth in employment and wages. How does a household's exposure to monetary policy vary with its age? The size and composition of...

We examine the impact of ownership concentration, firm life cycle, and family ownership on leverage using a sample of listed Italian firms. The study findings reveal that family businesses in Italy have high ownership concentration and use less debt than non-family firms. The study results show...