critical phenomena has deep consequences on computational complexity, that is the resolution times of various optimization or …

flexible way within the model for the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP). The PESP model was introduced by Serani and … Ukovich (1989). Usually, PESP-models assume that the constraints for rolling stock or passenger connections specify in detail …, demonstrating that, under certain conditions, the extra flexibility can be modeled purely in terms of PESP constraints. The concept …

Heuristic algorithms, especially hill-climbing algorithms, are prone to being trapped by local optimization. Many … is rare work on analyzing success ratio (the ratio of the number of runs that find the global maxima of optimization … versus the total runs) and expected fitness at each generation. Expected fitness at each generation could lead us to better …