Tourism is regarded as a dynamic economic industry in the world, specifically for developing countries like Sri Lanka …. Studies of the causality between three variables are rare and to bridge that gap, this research examines the causal … Lanka. Unit root test, Co-integration test, optimal lag length, Vector Auto-Regression (VAR) and Granger causality are …

revealed the opposite result. Studies that examined the causality between FDI and gross domestic product (GDP) also have found … evidence of unidirectional causality and, in some cases, a bidirectional causality. This study investigated the causal nexus … causality to explore the direction of causality. The augmented ARDL model found a long-run relationship between FDI and GDP. In …