considerations, axiomatic research on poverty and deprivation, and previous empirical research on social exclusion and subjective … deprivation and income poverty. Moreover, regression techniques reveal deprivation in social participation to reduce life …

In order to understand whether a reduction in overall poverty has improved the situations of the poorest, it is crucial … stringent multidimensional poverty: one uses a more stringent vector of deprivation cutoffs, and the other, a more stringent … cross-dimensional poverty cutoff. To explore the distinction between these two approaches empirically, we examine the …