We study subjective incentives to perform well in low-stakes environments and examine how these incentives vary with a range of individual characteristics. We document a significant gender gap in incentives; women exert more effort and are more motivated in the low-stakes setting than men....

"Money is increasingly cheap, digital, and mobile. In Money in the Twenty-First Century, economist Richard Holden examines the virtues and risks of low interest rates, mobile money, and cryptocurrencies, and explains how these three elemental forces will continue to play out--in our wallets, on...

"We analyze a model in which voters are uncertain about the policy preferences of candidates. Two forces affect the probability of electoral success: proximity to the median voter and campaign contributions. First, we show how campaign contributions affect elections. Then we show how the...