The purpose of the present report is to identify and explore the evidence on factors that are leading to high rates of learning poverty in MENA countries. In addition, the report proposes a path for countries of the region to make the teaching and learning of the Arabic language-which are...

We analyse the impact of instability caused by Arab Spring on co-movements and volatility spillovers of aggregated Financial Stress Indices for eight MENA countries. Using a dynamic frequency connectedness framework, we find that stress transmission between markets is higher at low frequencies...

This paper argues that the so-called Arab spring is part of a tectonic shift which signals the frailty of the Arab state system as such. Countries benefitting from oil and gas rents have been more resilient, because of their potential to create systems of incentives and disincentives in order to...