Family background shapes individual outcomes throughout life. While the existing literature documents how the … importance of family background, typically measured by the degree of sibling correlation in socioeconomic outcomes, varies across … hard to identify, the results suggest that life is more formed by individual endowments and considerations for children …

variation in the effects of highest education of parents on family’s ability to scale poverty, defined as the household’s income … children in Black families did not explain such racial disparities. Conclusions: The economic gain of parental education on … encompasses residential segregation, low quality of education, low paying jobs, discrimination in the labor market, and extra …