partisan differences to the less-polarized pre-Reagan era would increase the transfer multiplier by about 30 cents per dollar …, and variation in governor's partisan composition similarly lead to variation in the multiplier of around to 20 cents …

We estimate the fiscal (spending) multiplier using quarterly U.S. data, 1986-2017. We define government spending shocks …

and reduces unemployment. This in turn lowers unemployment risk and thus precautionary saving, leading to a larger … response of private consumption than in a model with perfect insurance. The output multiplier is further amplified through a … unemployment risk more in the former case than in the latter, giving rise to countercyclical multipliers …

larger multiplier when it issues short term debt. We find that the latter effect dominates and that the optimal policy for …

overall and non-green multipliers are driven by southern provinces, while the green multiplier is driven by the rest of the … country, despite the contemporaneous green multiplier being equal to 1.43 in the south. I link the heterogeneity to governance … characteristics: higher government effectiveness and institutional quality decrease the overall and non-green multiplier, while they …

consumption. The results suggest that the output tax multiplier is positive and above one (in absolute value) in recessions but …

This paper shows that the fiscal multiplier for purchases of durable and investment goods is very small - much smaller … than the multiplier for nondurable goods. Standard models predict small durables multipliers because private sector …