As countries weather the COVID-19 health emergency, high-quality connectivity, more than ever, is essential to ensure that economic activities can continue in a remote manner. However, important disparities in terms of connectivity persist, aggravating the consequences of the health emergency....

This paper examines the influence of local loop unbundling (LLU) on incumbent telecommunications operators' investment in their respective telecommunications networks in OECD countries. In addition, the background of the influence is analyzed from both qualitatie and quantitative aspects. The...

This paper provides an overview of the economic and policy implications of various technologies available to provide local telecommunication access. This part of the network is referred to as the "local loop". For the purposes of this document the switching functions in local access networks are...